Ghostwriting and Guest Authorship

The Editorial Board makes every effort to avoid cases of ghostwriting and guest authorship which are considered unethical behaviour by an author, indicative of scientific dishonesty. Therefore, the Editorial Board requires that authors disclose all contributors to the publication, including information on their affiliation.

Ghostwriting is the situation when a co-author is not mentioned in any part of the scientific paper (i.e. is not listed either among the authors or in the acknowledgements).

Guest authorship (honorary authorship) means that a person listed as the author or a co-author of an scientific paper made an insignificant contribution or no contribution at all to the scientific paper.

The author submitting the paper is held responsible for ensuring compliance with this policy.

The authors are obliged to disclose information on the source of research financing, especially in the case of public finance, therefore financial disclosure is required.

Authorship and the Use of AI or AI-Assisted Technologies

“Drewno” Editorial Board follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) position statement when it comes to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technology in manuscript preparation. Tools such as ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) do not meet authorship criteria and thus cannot be listed as authors on manuscripts.
In situations where AI or AI-assisted tools have been used in the preparation of a manuscript, this must be appropriately declared with sufficient details at submission via the cover letter. Furthermore, authors are required to be transparent about the use of these tools and disclose details of how the AI tool was used within the "materials/methods" section, in addition to providing the AI tool’s product details within the “Acknowledgments” section in the manuscript.
Authors are fully responsible for the originality, validity, and integrity of the content of their manuscript, including any material contributed by AI or AI-assisted tools, and must ensure, through carefully review, that this content complies with all “Drewno” publication Ethics Policies. “Drewno” Editorial Board reserves the right to request further information, and Editorial Board decisions will be made in line with editorial process.